《Clever Hans (The Horse of Mr. Von Osten)》 - 免费有声读物
作者：Oskar Pfungst,
1 / 12Prefatory Note and Introduction
- 1. Prefatory Note and Introduction
- 2. The Problem of Animal Consciousness and ''Clever Hans''
- 3. Experiments and Observations - Part 1
- 4. Experiments and Observations - Part 2
- 5. The Author's Introspections
- 6. Laboratory Tests
- 7. Explanation of the Observations - Part 1
- 8. Explanation of the Observations - Part 2
- 9. Explanation of the Observations - Part 3
- 10. Genesis of the Reaction of the Horse
- 11. Conclusion
- 12. Supplements
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Oskar Pfungst book is a detailed piece of investigative journalism looking into Clever Hans, an Orlov Trotter horse that was claimed to have performed arithmetic and other intellectual tasks. Pfungst details the results of many experiments, by the end of which he is able to explain exactly how Hans did it. This classic example of the observer-expectancy effect is still relevant today, as the "Clever Hans effect" has to be taken into account whenever a study of animal intelligence takes place. - Summary by Jordan
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