Аудиокнига: Mazarin
- Download Ch. 1: The Early Years of Mazarin's Ministry, 1643-1646 audio
- Download Ch. 2: Mazarin's Connection with the Rebellions in Naples and England, 1643-1649 audio
- Download Ch. 3: The Peace of Westphalia, 1648 audio
- Download Ch. 4: The Parliamentary Fronde, 1648-1649 audio
- Download Ch. 5: The Early Years of the New Fronde, 1649-1651 audio
- Download Ch. 6: The Close of the Fronde, 1651-1653 audio
- Download Ch. 7: The Spanish War and the English Alliance, 1648-1659 audio
- Download Ch. 8: The League of the Rhine and the Peace of the Pyrenees, 1658-1659 audio
- Download Ch. 9: Mazarin's Death, Character, and Work audio
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Guilio Raimondo (Cardinal Mazarin, 1602-1661), Richelieu's designated successor as chief minister of France, was a master of diplomacy. Though a cardinal, he was not a priest and was probably secretly married to the Queen-Mother, Anne of Austria. Together they ruled France, facing the great rebellion known as the Fronde, and with the help of the military genius of Turenne, prevailed over the armies of Spain, Austria, and the traitorous Grand Condé. Arthur Hassall writes of Mazarin that by the time of his death in 1661 he had, through "patience, perseverance, and sagacity," fulfilled Richelieu's foreign policy and made the twenty-one year-old Louis XIV the absolute monarch of Europe's greatest power. (Pamela Nagami)
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