Creative Chemistry - Бесплатная аудиокнига
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Creative Chemistry
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER IV
Send ten cents to the Department of Commerce, Washington, for "Dyestuffs for American Textile and Other Industries," by Thomas H. Norton, Special Agents' Series, No. 96. A more technical bulletin by the same author is "Artificial Dyestuffs Used in the United States," Special Agents' Series, No. 121, thirty cents. "Dyestuff Situation in U.S.," Special Agents' Series, No. 111, five cents. "Coal-Tar Products," by H.G. Porter, Technical Paper 89, Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior, five cents. "Wealth in Waste," by Waldemar Kaempfert, McClure's, April, 1917. "The Evolution of Artificial Dyestuffs," by Thomas H. Norton, Scientific American, July 21, 1917. "Germany's Commercial Preparedness for Peace," by James Armstrong, Scientific American, January 29, 1916. "The Conquest of Commerce" and "American Made," by Edwin E. Slosson in The Independent of September 6 and October 11, 1915. The H. Koppers Company, Pittsburgh, give out an illustrated pamphlet on their "By-Product Coke and Gas Ovens." The addresses delivered during the war on "The Aniline Color, Dyestuff and Chemical Conditions," by I.F. Stone, president of the National Aniline and Chemical Company, have been collected in a volume by the author. For "Dyestuffs as Medicinal Agents" by G. Heyl, see Color Trade Journal, vol. 4, p. 73, 1919. "The Chemistry of Synthetic Drugs" by Percy May, and "Color in Relation to Chemical Constitution" by E.R. Watson are published in Longmans' "Monographs on Industrial Chemistry." "Enemy Property in the United States" by A. Mitchell Palmer in Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1919, tells of how Germany monopolized chemical industry. "The Carbonization of Coal" by V.B. Lewis (Van Nostrand, 1912). "Research in the Tar Dye Industry" by B.C. Hesse in Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, September, 1916.
Kekulé tells how he discovered the constitution of benzene in the Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, V. XXIII, I, p. 1306. I have quoted it with some other instances of dream discoveries in The Independent of Jan. 26, 1918. Even this innocent scientific vision has not escaped the foul touch of the Freudians. Dr. Alfred Robitsek in "Symbolisches Denken in der chemischen Forschung," Imago, V. I, p. 83, has deduced from it that Kekulé was morally guilty of the crime of Œdipus as well as minor misdemeanors.
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Slosson reviews the transformation of alchemistry from an obscure and imprecise practice to the science of chemistry. Along the way, he explains how the modern industrial world now relies on fertilizers, explosives, textile materials, polymers and metals.
By exploring the properties of a once undervalued element, the high strength of vanadium steel made the Ford car possible. Another element, cerium, appears in butane lighters and was once seen as a threat to the match industry in France.
In his chapter on oils, Slosson reviews the development of hydrogenated oils, especially during WWII, in the search for a way to reuse otherwise discarded components of corn and cottonseed. Through the revolutionary reaction of hydrogenation, waste materials became a stable product that wouldn't spoil when packaged or carried without refrigeration. Once thought of as a miracle, shoppers were once willing to pay more for fully hydrogenated oils than their natural, unsaturated forms. Only in recent years has evidence of health risks checked their popularity and given them the image of cheap, unhealthy fillers. (Summary by LivelyHive)
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